Api AM, Belsito D, Botelho D, et al
RIFM has evaluated safety data for fragrance materials for 55 years. The safety assessment of Natural Complex Substances (NCS) is similar to that of discrete fragrance materials; all of the same endpoints are evaluated. A series of decision trees follows a tiered approach for each endpoint using a 4-step process with testing only as a last resort. This process aims to provide a comprehensive Safety Assessment of NCS used as a fragrance ingredient.
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Date MS, O’Brien D, Botelho DJ, et al
A valuable approach to chemical safety assessment is the use of read-across chemicals to provide safety data to support the assessment of structurally similar chemicals.
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Patel A, Joshi K, Rose J, et al
The use of threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) supports the safety assessment of exposure to low levels of chemicals when toxicity data are limited. A major goal for the RIFM safety assessment program is to invest in alternative methods to animal testing for use in assessment of fragrance materials.
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Nishijo T, Api AM, Gerberick GF, et al
Skin sensitization evaluation is a key part of the safety assessment of ingredients in consumer products, which may have skin sensitizing potential.
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Api AM, Basketter D, Bridges J, et al
This revision of the Quantitative Risk Assessment 1 (QRA1), termed QRA2, provides an improved method for establishing safe levels for sensitizing fragrance materials in multiple products to limit the risk of induction of contact allergy.
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Fragrance Skin Sensitization Evaluation and Human Testing: 30-Year Experience
The human repeated insult patch test (HRIPT) has a history of use in the fragrance industry as a component of safety evaluation, exclusively to confirm the absence of skin sensitization at a defined dose. The aim of the study was to document the accumulated experience from more than 30 years of conducting HRIPTs.
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Api AM, Basketter DA, Cadby PA, et al
Based on chemical, cellular, and molecular understanding of dermal sensitization, an exposure-based quantitative risk assessment (QRA) can be conducted to determine safe use levels of fragrance ingredients in different consumer product types.
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Api AM, Vey M
Significant developments have recently been incorporated in the way dermal sensitization risk assessments are conducted for fragrance ingredients.
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Politano VT, Api AM
With implementation of the dermal sensitization QRA approach for fragrance ingredients, IFRA/RIFM are recommending use of the RIFM standard human repeated insult patch test (HRIPT) protocol for generation of confirmatory human data for the induction of dermal sensitization in a normal human population.
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Safford B, Api AM, Barratt C, et al
Ensuring the toxicological safety of fragrance ingredients used in personal care and cosmetic products is essential in product development and design, as well as in the regulatory compliance of the products.
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Safford RJ, Api AM, Roberts DW, Lalko JF
The evaluation of chemicals for their skin sensitising potential is an essential step in ensuring the safety of ingredients in consumer products.
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Roberts DW, Api AM, Safford RJ, Lalko JF
An essential step in ensuring the toxicological safety of chemicals used in consumer products is the evaluation of their skin sensitising potential.
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Comiskey D, Api AM, Barrett C, et al
In order to accurately assess aggregate exposure to a fragrance material in consumers, data are needed on consumer habits and practices, as well as the concentration of the fragrance material in those products.
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Safford B, Api AM, Barrett C, et al
As part of a joint project between the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials (RIFM) and Crème Global, a Monte Carlo model (here named the Creme RIFM model) has been developed to estimate consumer exposure to ingredients in personal care products.
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Comiskey D, Api AM, Barratt C, et al
Exposure of fragrance ingredients in cosmetics and personal care products to the population can be determined by way of a detailed and robust survey.
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